The complexity of oil and gas drilling and extraction operations requires the installation ofreliable measurement and analysis instruments (gas analysis, flow measurement, pressure measurement, temperature measurement, level measurement). Optimal control of equipment, even in extreme environments, ensures the reliability of processes and the longevity of offshore or coastal installations.
Choosing the right instrumentation can help protect the environment by detecting or stopping leaks, or making oil and gas transport and storage operations more reliable.
Fuji Electric measuring instruments accompany oil and gas producers during every phase of their production process in order to :
Compliance with standards and regulations
Air emissions management
Plant safety
Quality production
Theoil industry is a key sector of the global economy, providing much of the energy needed to power transport, industry and homes. Oil, a non-renewable resource, requires careful extraction, refining and processing to be transformed into usable products.
Let's explore the different stages in the formation and composition of oil, as well as the refining and treatment processes. We'll also look at safety and regulatory issues, as well as process measurement and control methods. These aspects are crucial to ensuring efficient and safe operations in the oil industry.
Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, formed from the breakdown of organic matter contained in source rocks. Mother rocks are the fossilized remains of aquatic or terrestrial plants, bacteria and microscopic animals that have accumulated at the bottom of oceans, lakes or deltas. Under the action of high temperatures and pressures, these organic materials are transformed into liquid oil and gas. Oil is made up of thousands of different molecules, which must be fractionated and chemically transformed to obtain usable products.
This transformation is essential to produce the fuels and other by-products we use every day.
Crude oil is extracted from oil reservoirs by drilling, or by pumping if the oil does not flow naturally.
Offshore, a platform supports the equipment needed for the various phases of oil drilling and extraction.
If the reservoir pressure is not high enough to allow oil to flow naturally, pressurized water is introduced to push the hydrocarbons upwards. Reliable measuring instruments are essential to ensure the safety of our installations.
Shale oil and shale gas are extracted from oil shale by thermal, chemical or hydrogenation processes.
Global oil shale resources amount to 6.7 trillion barrels, four times more than conventional oil (2013 estimate). The largest deposit is in the United States.
As the crude oil in the oil sands is extremely viscous and cannot be extracted using conventional processes, high-temperature steam is injected to lower the viscosity of the oil so that it can be recovered without the sand.
Conventional natural gas is often extracted from old hydrocarbon reservoirs. It emerges naturally from wells as a result of pressure.
When gas is extracted from deep saline aquifers or cavities, pumping operations are required. Gas injection extraction is the most commonly used method. Gas is injected to extract the salt water.
A gas well is created by drilling a hole 3,000 to 5,000 meters deep. Treatment facilities are then installed to purify the gas by removing carbon dioxide or liquid residuesdiaphragm seal X'mas tree). These operations require the installation of appropriate measuring instruments.
Shale gas is natural gas found in shale formations. Due to its low permeability, it cannot be recovered by conventional drilling methods.
In recent years, the natural gas industry has adopted horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to extract shale gas. Shale gas has become an important source of natural gas, particularly in the USA and Canada.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
Oil refining is a complex process that involves separating the various components of crude oil according to their boiling point and density. The main products of refining are fuels (gasoline, diesel, kerosene), lubricating oils, bitumens and petrochemicals. Petroleum processing also involves the removal of impurities and contaminants, such as sulfur, nitrogen and heavy metals.
These steps guarantee the quality of finished products and meet strict environmental standards. Oil refining and processing require advanced technologies and rigorous processes to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impact.
Theoil industry is subject to strict safety and environmental protection regulations. Oil companies must comply with occupational health and safety standards, as well as environmental regulations to minimize the impact of their activities on the environment.
Accidents and oil leaks can have serious consequences for the environment and human health, so it's essential to take preventive and control measures to avoid these risks. Companies need to implement rigorous safety protocols and use state-of-the-art technologies to monitor and control their operations.
Process measurement and control are essential to ensure safety and efficiency in theoil industry. Measurement and control instruments monitor critical parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid composition.
Automated control systems enable processes to be regulated and corrective action to be taken in the event of deviation. Measurement and control technologies are constantly evolving to meet the needs of the oil industry, and to improve the safety and efficiency of operations.
The use of accurate, reliable measuring instruments is essential to guarantee the smooth operation of plants and the quality of finished products.
Avoid critical shutdowns and overflows in oil, gas and hydrogen. Choose field instruments that guarantee reliable measurements under high static pressure.
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